周易下經 ３１．咸 澤山咸．兌上，艮下．咸：亨，利貞．取女吉．〔卦辭〕〈彖〉曰：咸，感也．柔上而剛下，二氣感應以相與，止而說，男下女，是以「亨，利貞，取女吉」也．天地感而萬物化生，聖人感人心而天下和平．觀其所感，而天地萬物之情可見矣．〔彖傳〕〈象〉曰：山上有澤．咸，君子以虛受人．〔大象〕初六，咸其拇．〈小象〉曰：「咸其拇」，志在外也．六二，咸其腓，凶居吉．〈小象〉曰：雖凶居吉，不害也．九三，咸其股，執其隨，往吝．〈小象〉曰：「咸其股」，亦不處也．志在隨人，所執下也．九四，貞吉，悔亡．憧憧往來，朋從爾思．〈小象〉曰：「貞吉，悔亡」，未感害也，「憧憧往來」，未光大也．九五，咸其脢，無悔．〈小象〉曰：「咸其脢」，志末也．上六，咸其輔、頰、舌．〈小象〉曰：「咸其輔、頰、舌」，滕口說也．
Changes of the Zhou (B) 31. Xian (Influence)Swamp (above) Mountain is Influence; the Trigram Dui above, and Gen below.Xian indicates, that there will be free course and success. Its advantageousness will depend on the being firm and correct, as in marrying a young lady. There will be good fortune.The Tuan Commentary says: Xian is here used in the sense of gan (xian plus heart), meaning influencing. The weak trigram above, and the strong one below; their two influences moving and responding to each ofther, and thereby forming a union; the repression of the one and the satisfaction of the other; where the male is placed below the female; all these things convey the notion of a free and successful course, while the advantage will depend on being firm an correct, as in marrying a young lady, and there will be good fortune. Heaven and earth exert their influences, and there ensue the transformation and production of all things. The sages influence the minds of men, and the result is harmony and peace under all the sky. If we look at those influences, the true character of heaven and earth and of all things can be seen.The Great Symbolism says: A mountain and above the marsh form xian. The superior man, in accordance with this, keeps his mind free from preoccupation, and open to receive others.
The first (lowest) line, divided (yin), shows one moving his great toes. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his great toe": his mind is set on what is beyond.
The second line, divided (yin), shows one moving the calves of his leg. There will be evil. If he abide, there will be good fortune. The Small Symbolism says: Though there "would be evil"; yet, "if he abide quiet in his place, there will be good fortune"; through compliance there will be no injury.
The third line, undivided (yang), shows one moving his thighs, and keeping close hold of those whom he follows. Going forward will cause regret. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his thighs", he still does not rest in his place. His will is set on following others; what he holds in his grasp is low.
The fourth line, undivided (yang), shows that firm correctness which will lead to good fortune, and prevent all occasion for repentance. If its subject be unsettled in his movements, his friends will follow his purpose. The Small Symbolism says: "Firm correctness will lead to good fortune, and prevent all occasion for repentance"; there has not yet been any harm from influence. "He is unsettled in his movements", is not yet either brilliant or great.
The fifth line, undivided (yang), shows one moving the flesh along the spine above the heart. There will be no occasion for repentance. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves the flesh along the spine above the heart", his aim is trivial.
The sixth line (the highest line), divided (yin), shows one moving his jaws and tongue. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his jaws and tongue", he talks with loquacious mouth.
The first (lowest) line, divided (yin), shows one moving his great toes. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his great toe": his mind is set on what is beyond.
The second line, divided (yin), shows one moving the calves of his leg. There will be evil. If he abide, there will be good fortune. The Small Symbolism says: Though there "would be evil"; yet, "if he abide quiet in his place, there will be good fortune"; through compliance there will be no injury.
The third line, undivided (yang), shows one moving his thighs, and keeping close hold of those whom he follows. Going forward will cause regret. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his thighs", he still does not rest in his place. His will is set on following others; what he holds in his grasp is low.
The fourth line, undivided (yang), shows that firm correctness which will lead to good fortune, and prevent all occasion for repentance. If its subject be unsettled in his movements, his friends will follow his purpose. The Small Symbolism says: "Firm correctness will lead to good fortune, and prevent all occasion for repentance"; there has not yet been any harm from influence. "He is unsettled in his movements", is not yet either brilliant or great.
The fifth line, undivided (yang), shows one moving the flesh along the spine above the heart. There will be no occasion for repentance. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves the flesh along the spine above the heart", his aim is trivial.
The sixth line (the highest line), divided (yin), shows one moving his jaws and tongue. The Small Symbolism says: "He moves his jaws and tongue", he talks with loquacious mouth.
繫辭上傳聖人設卦觀象，繫辭焉而明吉凶，剛柔相推而生變化．是故吉凶者，失得之象也．悔吝者，憂虞之象也．變化者，近推之象也．剛柔者，晝夜之象也．六爻之動，三極之道也．是故君子所居而安者，《易》之序也．所樂而玩者，爻之辭也．是故君子居則觀其象而玩其辭．動則觀其變而玩其占．是以自天祐之，吉無不利．〔第二章〕The Great Treatise, 1st partThe sages set forth the diagrams, inspected the emblems contained in them, and appended their explanations; - in this way the good fortune and bad were made clear. The strong and the weak lines displace each other, and produce the changes and transformations in the figures. Therefore the good fortune and evil mentioned in the explanations are the indications of the right and wrong in men's conduct of affairs, and the repentance and regret mentioned are the indications of their sorrow and anxiety. The changes and transformations of the lines are the emblems of the advance and retrogression of the vital force in nature. Thus what we call the strong and the weak lines become the emblems of day and night. The movements which take place in the six places of the hexagrams show the course of the three extremes. Therefore what the superior man rests in, in whatever position he is places, is the order shown in the Book of Changes; and the study which gives him the greatest pleasure is that of the explanations of the several lines. Therefore the superior man, when living quietly, contemplates the emblems and studies the explanations of them; when initiating any movement, he contemplates the changes that are made in divining, and studies the prognostications from them. Thus "is help extended to him from Heaven; there will be good fortune, and advantage in every movement."
(2)說卦傳昔者聖人之作《易》也，幽贊於神明而生蓍，參天兩地而倚數，觀變於陰陽ㄦ立卦，發揮於剛柔而生爻，和於道德而理於義，窮理盡性以至於命．〔第一章〕乾，健也．坤，順也．震，動也．巽，入也．坎，陷也．離，麗也．艮，止也．兌，說也．〔第七章〕乾，為馬．坤，為牛．震，為龍．巽，為雞．坎，為豕．離，為雉．艮，為狗．兌，為羊．〔第八章〕乾，為首．坤，為腹．震，為足．巽，為股．坎，為耳．離，為目．艮，為手．兌，為口．〔第九章〕Treatise of Remarks on the TrigramsAnciently, when the sages made the Book of Changes, in order to give mysterious asistance to the spiritual Intelligences, they produced the divining milfoil. The number three was assigned to heaven, two to earth, and from these came the other numbers. They contemplated the changes in the divided and undivided lines, and formed the trigrams; from the movements that took place in the strong and weak lines, they produced the separate lines. There ensued a harmonious conformity to the course and to virtue, with a discrimination of what was right, and effected the complete development of nature, till they arrived at what was appointed for it. (1)Qian is the symbol of strength, Kun, of docility; Zhen, of stimulus to movement; Xun, of penetration; Kan, of what is precipitous and perilous; Li, of what is bright and what is catching; Gen, of stoppage or arrest; and Dui, of pleasure and satisfaction. (7)Qian suggests the idea of a horse; Kun, that of an ox; Zhen, that of a dragon; Xun, that of a fowl; Kan, that of a pig; Li, that of a pheasant; Gen, that of a dog; and Dui, that of a sheep. (8)Qian suggests the idea of the head; Kun, that of the belly; Zhen, that of the feet; Xun, that of the thighs; Kan, that of the ears; Li, that of the eyes; Gen, that of the hands; and Dui, that of the mouth.
(9)序卦傳有天地，然後有萬物；有萬物，然後有男女；有男女，然後有夫婦；有夫婦，然後有父子；有父子，然後有君臣； 有君臣，然後有上下；有上下，然而禮儀所有錯。夫婦之道，不可不久也，故受之以恆；恆者久也。物不可以久居其所，故受之以遯； 遯者退也。物不可以終遯，故受之以大壯。〔下篇一〕 The orderly sequence of the HexagramsHeaven and earth existing, all things then got their existence. All things having existance, afterwards there came male and female. From the existence of male and female there came afterwards husband and wife. From husband and wife there came father and son. From father and son there came ruler and minister. From ruler and minister there came high and low. When high and low had existance, afterwards came the arrangements of propriety and righteousness. The rule for the relation of husband and wife is that it should be long-enduring. Hence Xian is followed by Heng. Heng denotes long enduring. Things cannot long abide in the same place; and hence Heng is followed by Dun. Dun denotes withdrawing. Things cannot be for ever withdrawn; and hence Dun is succeeded by Dazhuang.
雜卦傳晉、晝也。明夷、誅也。井通而困相遇也。咸、速也。恆、久也。Treatise on the Hexagrams taken promiscouslyAbove the Jin the sun shines clear and bright,but in Mingyi 'tis hidden from the sight.Progress in Jing in Kun encounters bright;Effect quick answering cause in Xian appears;While Heng denotes continuance for years.
